Kwinkqubo ye-smelting okanye eshushu yokusebenza kwentsimbi, ngenxa yezinto ezithile (ezifana ne-non-metallic inclusions, iigesi, ukhetho lwenkqubo okanye ukusebenza okungafanelekanga, njl.).Iziphene ngaphakathi okanye kumphezulu weumbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungoiya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesixhobo okanye imveliso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhokelele ekubeni imathiriyeli okanye imveliso ichithwe.
I-Porosity, amaqamza, iintsalela zecrater eshwabeneyo, indibaniselwano engeyiyo eyentsimbi, ulwahlulo, amabala amhlophe, iintanda kunye neziphene ezahlukeneyo zokwaphuka okungaqhelekangaimibhobho ebandayo yentsimbi engenamthungoinokufumaneka ngokuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhlola ii-macro: ukuhlolwa kwe-asidi ye-asidi kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-fracture.Iziphene eziqhelekileyo ze-macroscopic ezivezwe yi-acid leaching zichazwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi:
1. Ukuba wedwa
Unobangela wokwakheka: Ngexesha lokuphosa kunye nokuqina, izinto ezithile ziyahlangana ngenxa yokukhetha ikristale kunye nokusabalalisa, okukhokelela ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali ezingafaniyo.Ngokwezikhundla ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza, inokwahlulwa ibe yintlobo yeingot, ukwahlulwa kweziko kunye nokwahlulwa kwamanqaku.
Iimpawu zeMakhroscopic: Kwiisampulu ze-asidi ephumayo, xa zahlulwe kwizinto ezitshabalalisayo okanye ukubandakanywa kwegesi, umbala umnyama, ukumila kungaqhelekanga, ukugoba kancinci, umzantsi usicaba, kwaye kukho amanqaku amaninzi ashinyeneyo.Ukuba i-resistance element aggregates, iya kuba yi-light-colored, imile ngokungaqhelekanga, i-microbump egudileyo.
2. ekhululekile
Isizathu sokubunjwa: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, intsimbi ayinakuxutywa ngexesha lokusebenza okutshisayo ngenxa ye-shrinkage yokugqibela yezinto ezincibilikayo kunye nokukhululwa kwegesi ukudala i-voids.Ngokutsho kokusasazwa kwazo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-central loose kunye ne-general loose.
Iimpawu ze-Macroscopic: Kwi-lateral hot acid leaching surface, i-pores yi-polygons engaqhelekanga kunye nemingxuma enezantsi emxinwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo yokwahlula.Kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho ukuthambekela kokudibanisa kwisimo se-spongy.
3. Ukubandakanywa
Isizathu sokwenziwa:
① Ukufakwa kwentsimbi yangaphandle
Isizathu: Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthululela, imivalo yetsimbi, iibhloko zetsimbi kunye namaphepha esinyithi awela kwi-ingot mold, okanye i-alloy yensimbi eyongeziweyo ekupheleni kwesigaba sokunyibilika ayinyibiliki.
Iimpawu zeMacroscopic: Kumashiti akroliweyo, ubukhulu becala iimilo zejometri ezinencam ezibukhali kunye nomahluko wombala owahlukileyo kwizinto eziyingqongileyo.
② Ukufakwa kwamanye amazwe angaphandle kwentsimbi
Isizathu: Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthululela, izinto ezichasayo zesithando somlilo kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yokuthulula aluzange ludada okanye lukhuphe kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo.
Iimpawu ze-Macroscopic: Ukufakwa okukhulu kwe-non-metallic kuchongwa ngokulula, ngelixa i-inclusions encinci i-corrode kunye ne-peel, ishiya imingxuma emincinci ejikelezayo.
③ Phepha ulusu
Isizathu sokubunjwa: Intsimbi etyhidiweyo iqulethe ifilimu ene-semi-cured kumphezulu we-ingot ephantsi.
Iimpawu zeMacroscopic: Umbala wesampulu ye-asidi ephumayo yahlukile kwindawo engqongileyo, kwaye imilo ayiqhelekanga imicu egobileyo egobileyo, kwaye kuhlala kukho ukufakwa kweoksidi kunye neepores ngeenxa zonke.
4. Nciphisa
Isizathu sokubunjwa: Xa uphonsa i-ingot okanye ukuphosa, ulwelo olusembindini alukwazi ukuzaliswa ngenxa yokuncipha komthamo ngexesha lokunyuswa kokugqibela, kwaye intloko ye-ingot okanye i-casting yenza i-macroscopic cavity.
Iimpawu ze-Macroscopic: I-shrinkage cavity ibekwe kumbindi we-acidally leached sample, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo idla ngokuhlukana, ixutywe okanye ikhululekile.Ngamanye amaxesha imingxuma okanye ukuqhekeka kunokubonwa ngaphambi kokukrolwa, kwaye emva kokukrolwa, iindawo zemingxuma ziba mnyama kwaye zibukeke njengemingxuma eshwabeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga.
5. Amaqamza
Isizathu sokubunjwa: Iziphene ezibangelwa yigesi eveliswayo kwaye ikhutshwe ngexesha lokuphosa ingot.
Iimpawu zeMakhroscopic: Isampulu enqamlezileyo eneentanda eziphantse zijonge kumphezulu kunye ne-oxidation encinci kunye ne-decarburization ekufutshane.Ubukho bamaqamza omoya angaphantsi kwecutaneous ngaphantsi komhlaba bubizwa ngokuba ngamaqamza omoya angaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous, kwaye amaqamza omoya angaphantsi kwesikhumba abizwa ngokuba zii-pinholes.Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, le mingxunya engaxutywanga kunye ne-inwelded yandisa kwiityhubhu ezincinci ezinemibhobho encinci eyodwa kwi-cross section.Icandelo lomnqamlezo lifana nokuhlukana kwamanqaku aqhelekileyo, kodwa umbala omnyama ngamaqamza angaphakathi e-honeycomb.
6. IVitiligo
Isizathu sokubunjwa: Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengempembelelo ye-hydrogen kunye noxinzelelo lwesakhiwo, kwaye ulwahlulo kunye nokufakwa kwintsimbi nako kunempembelelo ethile, eluhlobo oluthile lokuqhekeka.
Iimpawu zeMacroscopic: Iintanda ezimfutshane, ezibhityileyo kwiisampuli ezinqamlezileyo zeasidi eshushu.Kukho amabala amhlophe aqaqambileyo esilivere erhabaxa-grained kwilongitudinal fracture.
7. Ukuqhekeka
Isizathu sokwakheka: i-axial intergranular crack.Xa isakhiwo se-dendritic sinzima, ukuqhekeka kuya kubonakala kunye nesebe eliphambili kunye naphakathi kwamasebe e-billet enkulu.
Iintanda zangaphakathi: Iintanda ezibangelwa yinkqubo engafanelekanga yokubumba kunye nokuqengqeleka.
Iimpawu zeMacroscopic: Kwicandelo lomnqamlezo, indawo ye-axial iyaqhekeka ecaleni kwe-intergranular, ngokumila kwewebhu yesigcawu, kunye nokuqhekeka kweradial kwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima.
8. Songa
Izinto ezibangela ukwakheka: amanxeba angalinganiyo kumphezulu weityhubhu yentsimbi yekhabhoni ebandayookanye i-ingots zentsimbi ngexesha lokuqulunqa kunye nokuqengqeleka, imiphetho ebukhali kunye neekona ezigqitheneyoityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo etsalwa ngokubanda, okanye izinto ezimile okwendlebe ezenziwe ngenxa yoyilo okanye ukusebenza ngendlela engafanelekanga, kunye nokuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo.ibekwe ngaphezulu ngexesha lemveliso.
Iimpawu zeMakhroscopic: Kwisampulu enqamlezileyo yokudipha yeasidi yombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsaliweyo, kukho ukuqhekeka kwentsimbi kumphezulu wentsimbi, kwaye kukho i-decarburization esondeleyo kufutshane, kwaye ukuqhekeka kuhlala kukho isikali se-oxide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-02-2022